The film was directed by Rintaro, written by Katsuhiro Otomo, and produced by Madhouse, with conceptual support from Tezuka Productions. In the wealthy plutocratic city of Metropolis, humans co-exist with robot laborers. Human citizens discriminate against robots, blaming them for their unemployment and being forced to live in the squalid lower levels. Duke Red, Metropolis's wealthiest citizen, celebrates the completion of a massive military/scientific complex, the "Ziggurat"